第2章膜的形态结构、材料-English-he-110925材料学基础.ppt

Chapter 2 Membrane is the key to the process of membrane separation. Membrane structures, membrane materials and membrane preparation determine the permeability separation performance of the membrane. Membrane Materials Membrane structure and its characterization Organic membrane preparation Organic membrane forming process Inorganic membrane preparation 2.1 Membrane material 表2-1 主要膜材料极其应用 Membrane material and application 2.2 Membrane structure and its characterization Membrane structure Morphology: cross section and surface structure Crystalline and Molecular: aggregation and polymer chain orientation on the membrane surface 2.2.1 Membrane Morphology Asymmetry and symmetry membrane Dense and porous membrane Composite membrane Symmetry and Asymmetry membrane Symmetry membrane: uniform cross-section, congeniality; porous or dense. Asymmetry membrane: non-uniform cross-section structure, a thin and dense skin layer(0.25-1?m), transition layer, porous support layer. Dense and Microporous membrane Dense membranes consist of a dense film through which permeants are transported by diffusion under the driving force of a pressure, concentration, or electrical potential gradient. Microporous membrane is very similar in structure and function to a conventional filter. It has a rigid, highly voided structure with randomly distributed, interconnected pores. these pores differ from those in a conventional filter by being extremely small, on the order of 0.01 to 10 μm in diameter. Composite membrane The composite membrane is normally prepared by coating a thin, dense and special features film on an asymmetric or symmetric substrate to eliminate the defects on the substrate surface. The thickness of the coating is about 0.01～0.1μm. 2.2.2 Pore structure Network pore, Aggregate pore, Sponge-like pore, Finger like pore, Need-like, Closed pore and Open pore. Network pore: the space between polymer se