chapter15characteristicsapplicationsofpolymers.pptVIP

* * * Chapter 15 - * Mechanical Properties of Polymers – Stress-Strain Behavior ? Fracture strengths of polymers ~ 10% of those for metals ? Deformation strains for polymers 1000%  – for most metals, deformation strains 10% brittle polymer plastic elastomer elastic moduli – less than for metals Adapted from Fig. 15.1, Callister Rethwisch 9e. * Mechanisms of Deformation—Brittle Crosslinked and Network Polymers brittle failure plastic failure e x x aligned, crosslinked polymer Stress-strain curves adapted from Fig. 15.1, Callister Rethwisch 9e. Initial Near Failure Initial network polymer NearFailure σ MPa * Mechanisms of Deformation — Semicrystalline Plastic Polymers brittle failure plastic failure σ MPa x x crystalline block segments separate fibrillar structure near failure crystalline regions align onset of necking undeformed structure amorphous regions elongate unload/reload Stress-strain curves adapted from Fig. 15.1, Callister Rethwisch 9e. Inset figures along plastic response curve adapted from Figs. 15.12 15.13, Callister Rethwisch 9e. From SCHULTZ, POLYMER MATERIALS SCIENCE, 1st Edition, ? 1974. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. 1974, pp 500-501. e * Predeformation by Drawing ? Drawing… ex: monofilament fishline -- stretches the polymer prior to use -- aligns chains in the stretching direction ? Results of drawing: -- increases the elastic modulus E in the stretching direction -- increases the tensile strength TS in the stretching direction -- decreases ductility %EL ? Annealing after drawing... -- decreases chain alignment -- reverses effects of drawing reduces E and TS, enhances %EL ? Contrast to effects of cold working in metals! Adapted from Fig. 15.13, Callister Rethwisch 9e.  From Schultz, Polymer Materials Science, 1st Edition, ? 1974. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. 1974, pp 500-501. * ? Compare elastic behavior of ela