Diagnostic Imaging Agents .pptVIP

Diagnostic Imaging Agents by Broox Boze Southern Methodist University What is Diagnostic Imaging? A field of medicine used in determining physiology, managing disease, and locating abnormalities in the body. Diagnostic Techniques X-Ray Imaging CAT or CT Scans Ultrasound Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scintigraphy (Radionucleotides) Where did it all begin? President Garfield was shot and lived for weeks with a bullet somewhere in his body Alexander Graham Bell though he could develop a sound induction device which would trigger when it came in contact with an item of different density X-Ray Imaging Was the first “Great Discovery” in the field of diagnostic imaging Wilhelm Roentgen was working with light rays of higher density and shorter wavelength than the light filling this room He discovered that a piece of aluminum foil coated in barium platinocyanide showed luminescent properties and began to investigate After months of “playing” with various objects and determining density he discovered that placing his hand between the light source and film resulted in the image of his skeleton The benefits of x-rays far out weigh the potential risks X-rays cause atoms to lose electrons through bombardment with photons Radiolysis cause the formation of the free radicals: HO. and H. Free radicals form hydrogen peroxide and HO2· which are damaging to DNA, stop replication, and result in cell death CAT or CT Scans Essentially an x-ray technique Produces more detailed images of internal organs that traditional x-rays Used in diagnosing muscle and bone disorders, locating blood clots, detecting internal bleeding, monitoring diseases such as cancer To enhance imaging patients are given laxatives, enemas, or suppositories. Agents serving to increase contrast by weakening or blocking x-ray transmission include… Barium (Ba) Barium Sulphate (BaSO4) Iodine (I) Gastrograffin These agents all work in the same way but vary in function by how they are administered Intraven