Nonreactive Research 2nd Analysis.pptVIP

Nonreactive Research Secondary Analysis 非反應式研究及二手資料分析 也可稱為: 非介入性研究 Social Research Methods, Spring, 2007 March 8~14, 2007 Reactive vs. Nonreactive Research Reactive Research: experiments, survey research Reactive: the people being studied are aware of that fact Nonreactive Research: those being studied are not aware of the fact Four techniques: Nonreactive measures Content analysis Existing statistics Secondary analysis Also could be called unobtrusive research (非介入性研究) Historical/comparative analysis can be seen as unobtrusive research as well. Why nonreactive (unobtrusive) research? methods of studying social behavior without affecting it (研究社會行為但不會影響它) such methods can be qualitative or quantitative pay attentions to validity and reliability Nonreactive Measurement (非反應式的測量) Note: People leave evidence of their social behavior or actions “naturally.” The logic of nonreactive measurement: researchers notices something that indicates a variable of interest (某件事指向有趣或有意義的變數) So, the researcher infers from the evidence to behavior or attitudes without disrupting those being studied. (從證據解釋行為或態度，不需打擾到被研究者) Varieties of Nonreactive or Unobtrusive Observation Physical Traces Erosion measures (侵蝕性測量): selective wear, Ex: worn tiles on the floor in a museum Accretion measures (增生性測量): deposits of something left behind, Ex: garbage, liquor bottles, etc Archives: marriage records, family portraits, etc. Observation: people’s wear, behaviors, etc. Nonreactive Measurement Recording and Documentation Conceptualization Link a construct to nonreactive empirical evidence (將建構的概念連結到非反應式的實證證據) Operationalization Systematically notes and records observations (有系統地記錄及觀察) Rule out reasons for the observation other than the construct of interest (排除其他原因) Content Analysis: gather and analyze the content of text (內容分析: 蒐集及分析文本內容的技術) the content: words, meanings, pictures, symbols, ideas, etc. the text (文本): anything written, visual, or spoken, a medium for communication 內容分