广州高中化学有合成知识点总结.docVIP

有 机 合 成 合成实质：利用有机反应，进行必要的官能团反应，合成目标产物。 推断的实质：是利用具体物质的合成流程，推断出其中缺省的某个环节、物质、反应条件，或通过已知的信息推断出未知物的各种信息。 常规方法： 官能团的引入 官能团的消除 官能团的衍变 碳骨架的增减官能团的引入 引入羟基（—OH） 烯烃与水的加成 醛或酮与氢气的加成 醛的氧化 卤代烃碱性水解 酯的水解 官能团的引入 引入卤素原子（—X） 烃与X2取代 不饱和烃与HX或X2的加成 醇与HX的取代反应等 官能团的引入 引入双键 某些醇或卤代烃的消去引入C C 醇氧化引入C O等官能团的消除 通过加成消除不饱和键 通过加成或氧化等消除醛基（—CHO） 通过消去、氧化或酯化反应等消除羟基（—OH） 官能团的衍变 1.利用官能团的衍生关系进行衍变 2.改变官能团的数目 3.改变官能团的位置 碳链的增减 增长：有机合成题中碳链的增长，一般会以信息形式给出，常见方式为有机物与HCN反应以及不饱和化合物间的聚合等 变短：如烃的裂化裂解、某些烃（如苯的同系物、烯烃等）的氧化等 三、有机反应特征 徐老师专用资料 科才教育 section of the Department of project management; Project documents and information: Project Engineering Department; Materials and equipment: material supply projects; Security controls: the project Department of safety and security; Construction machinery: Project Engineering Department; Financial: Project Management Department of finance; Security and fire services: project security. 3.3.5 management representative and project manager in this item specifies that the Chief Engineer is the management representative, responsible for the operation of quality management system and supervision, regardless of how his other responsibilities, should have a clear mandate to: ensure that the quality management system is implemented and maintained; The running of the quality management system to the project manager, including needed improvements; Always be aware that the customers needs and requirements. 3.4 3.4.1 project management review should be an annual review of its quality management system to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. 3.4.2 Administration review by the project manager responsible for organization and implementation, project quality control Department is responsible for specific tasks. 3.4.3 the management review should compare and evaluate the following input: internal and external quality audits and corrective effect; Customer feedback on the construction, installation, commissioning, service information complaints and satisfaction