时态的一致与叙述法.docVIP

时态一致 108 及叙述法 109-113 时态一致 108 主要子句的动词是现在式 包括一般现在,现在完成式,一般将来式 ,从属子句的动词随句意可以是任何事态 My sister knows that I love the girl. My sister knows that I loved the girl. My sister knows that I will fall in love with the girl. 姐姐现在可以回忆过去,叙述现在,展望未来 主要子句的动词是过去式 包含过去完成式,过去进行式或过去时间上所提的未来 ,从属子句的动词必须是与过去时态有关且符合句意 My sister knew that I loved the girl. My sister knew that I had loved the girl. 过去的过去 过去完成 My sister knew that I wound fall in love with the girl. 那时候的姐姐知道我那是爱那个女孩,知道我那时候的以前爱过那个女孩,知道那时候以后我会爱那个女孩 主要子句的动词是过去完成式,从属子句的动词必须是与过去完成时态有关且符合句意 时态一致的例外 不变的真理 现在式 The child learned that the earth goes round the sun. The teacher told us that practice makes perfect. 到现在都没改变的习惯或事实 现在式 She often told me that she keeps early hours. 她经常告诉我她有早睡早起的习惯 She told me that school begins at eight. 她告诉我学校8点上课 历史的事实 过去式 The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492. He said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945. 假设语气 不受时态一致的限制 He says that if he were a bird he could fly. He said that if he were a bird he could fly. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. He spoke English as if he were a native speaker. 叙述法 109-113 直接叙述法及间接叙述法的不同 时态的变化 May said, “I like listening to pop music.” May said that she liked listening to pop music. The student answered, “An hour consists of sixty minutes.” The student answered that an hour consists of sixty minutes. 不变的事实 Helen answered, “The rain has stopped.” Helen answered that the rain had stopped. 人称代名词的变化 She always says, “I don’t like my hairstyle.” She always says that she doesn’t like her hairstyle. I said to her, “I’m sorry you don’t understand me.” I told her that I was sorry she didn’t understand me. She said,＂I read this book.” She said that she had read that book. 时间,地点等的变化 now then today that day yesterday the day before, the previous day last night the night before, the previous night last year the year before, the previous year tomorrow the next day, the following day next week the next week, the follo