第三章 血液11幻灯片.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Blood Functions of Blood (1) Defense reactions ( humoral and cell-mediated immunity) (2) Hemostasis (生理性止血) Chapter 3 Blood Section1 Composition and Properties Section2 Hemostasis Section3 Blood Groups and Transfusion Section 1 Composition and Properties ?I.? Composition Red Blood Cell (Erythrocytes) Structure Biconcave, anucleate Plastic deformation (可塑变形性） Components Hemoglobin Lipids, ATP, Carbonic anhydrase Function Transport O2 from lungs to tissues and CO2 from tissues to lungs Erythropoietin 红细胞生成素 Production of red blood cells Stem cells proerythroblasts early erythroblasts intermediate late reticulocytes Erythropoietin: Hormone to stimulate production of RBC Leukocyte (WBC) Granulocyte (contain many “granules”,organelles) Neutrophile Eosinophile Basophile Agranulocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte Platelet Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes. It is filled with granules involved in blood clotting. (serotonin, Ca2+, ADP etc.) Platelet Release Reaction Platelet Aggregation 血小板彼此粘着现象称为聚集。 引起血小板聚集的因素，总称为致聚剂（诱导剂）。 生理性：ADP、5-HT、肾上腺素、 组胺、胶原、凝血酶、PG 病理性：细菌、病毒、免疫复合物 药物 （1）ADP: ①低浓度ADP 第一聚集时相 ，迅速聚集，很快解聚。 ②中等剂量的ADP 第一聚集时相结束和解聚后不久， 又可发生不可逆的第二聚集时相。 ③高浓度ADP 迅速、不可逆聚集，直接进入第二聚集时相。 血小板释放内源性ADP所致。 Ca2+和纤维蛋白的存在，耗能。 （2）血栓烷A2(thromboxane A2 , TX A2) 脱 落 磷脂酶A2 环加氧酶 TX A2合成酶 PGI2合成酶 （血小板） （内皮）