M5U3语法——去分词【附练习题+答案】.docVIP

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M5U3语法——去分词【附练习题+答案】.doc

M5U3语法——去分词【附练习题答案】

M5U3语法——过去分词【附练习题+答案】 一、构成和用法 1过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种(v-ed),在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。 1) 作状语:Interested in the stories (=as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance. 因为对她的小说感兴趣,他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。 The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (=and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前,埋头做功课。 作定语:1) The first mammal cloned from an adult cell(=that was / had been cloned from an adult cell)was Dolly the sheep. 第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。 The name mentioned in the letter(=which was mentioned in the letter)was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。 (3) 作表语:We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。 (4)作宾语补足语:He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。 问题:由上例(斜体部分)你能看出过去分词有什么特点? 结论:a)过去分词(常常)表示“被动”含义。 b)作状语和定语时,多数是由相应的从句转化而来。 2下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动: The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。 At present China is still less developed than most western countries. 目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。 Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。 问题:斜体部分的动词有什么共同点? 结论:fall(掉,落下),develop(发展),boil(煮)等动词在上例中是不及物动词,不及物动词是不能表示被动的,它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。 3过去分词的否定(not,never等)要放在过去分词前面。如: Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于没有给我足够的时间,我只得中途放弃。 4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如: Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下,我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。 5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。 1) 副词+过去分词:well-educated(受过良好教育的),ill-treated(受到恶劣对待的),overused(被滥用的),homemade(家制的) 2) 名词+过去分词:hand-made(手工制作的),man-made(人造的) 3) 另外还有,形容词(或名词)+名词+ed的形式:ind-hearted(心地善良的),absent-minded(心不在焉的), warm-blooded(温血的) 二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词 有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词,这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关,如: amaze(使吃惊)—amazed—amazing; excite(使兴奋)—excited—exciting, please(使满意)—pleased—pleasing, thrill(使紧张)—thrilled—thrilling等。这类过去分词表示: ①“感到的(having the feeling of )”,表示人的感受,例如: The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human. 公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。 The disappointed parents gave a wry smile. (感到)失望的父母苦笑了笑。 ②流露出的(showing the feeling of),用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等,常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词

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