Westwardmovement西进运动要点.pptVIP

Westward Movement A important part of Amercian history Introduction American Westward Movement, a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward movement, across what was often called the American frontier, was of enormous significance. By expanding the nation’s borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America. Background 1.The constant expansion of America from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast , more and more people immigrated to Americia . 2.In the west region, there is a vast land and rich resources, but a few people in there. 3.The constant expansion of Amercia capitalism. Process and results 美国独立以后，废除了英国政府颁布的禁止移民向西进的敕令，许多来自东部沿海地区和欧洲的移民纷纷越过阿巴拉契亚山脉涌向西部。据统计，阿巴拉契亚以西的人口在1810年只占美国总人口的1/7，10年以后增长为1/4。这些移民当中，既有南部的奴隶主，也有北部的土地投机商；但人数最多的还是一般贫苦的拓荒者——猎人、矿工、牧民和农民，后者是为谋生来到西部的，他们成为西部早期移民的主体。西进运动有过三次高潮。第一次是18世纪末到19世纪初，当时美国从法国手里购得路易斯安那，大批移民纷纷涌向西部，开拓俄亥俄、肯塔基和田纳西等地区，为后来日益扩大的中西部产粮区奠定了基础；第二次是1815年以后，移民们在大湖区开拓，建立了美国谷物生产和畜牧业的基地，同时在南方的濒临墨西哥湾介于佐治亚南部与路易斯安那之间的平原地区，建立棉花种植园，扩大了南部的奴隶制种植园经济；第三次高潮是19世纪中期，开拓了俄勒冈、加利福尼亚等地。到1890年，西进运动正式结束。西进运动和领土扩张是交织在一起的，在西进运动过程中，西部得到开发，大大促进了美国经济的发展；但是，随着西进运动的进行，大批印第安人遭到屠杀，幸存者被强行赶到更为荒凉的“保留地”，他们的被迫迁徙之路也被称为印第安人的“眼泪之路”。 Positive effects Many : Transportation: From the 19th century, the government had built 5 railway lines across the west and the east. politics and democracy: The government made laws to establish the relationship between the western states and federal government. Spirit: It inspired Americans’ creativity , economic vitality and the character of adventure. And so on. Negative effects Many indians were killed by American