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专题十一 简 并列句
专题十一 简单句、并列句
简单句
(一)基本概念
只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子,称作简单句在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心除了主语和谓语外,简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。1.主语+谓语 这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,:Things change. 2.主语+连系动词+表语 这种句型称为主系表结构:Mr. is an artist. .
注:表语位于系动词之后。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当状态系动词
He is a teacher. He is ill.
持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,有keep, remain, stay,如:
He always kept silent
表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,如:
He became mad after that. She grew 3. 主语+谓语+宾语 谓语一般多是及物动词宾语有两种 :间接宾语和直接宾语
We like music.
I had eggs for breakfast.
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面,有时它们也可交换位置,这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。He gave his sister the book.=He gave the book to his sister.
常见双宾结构:
可转换成带to结构的有:
bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb )
可转换成带for结构的有:
buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补形容词名词数词介词短语不带to或v+ingV+ed等I found the book easy.(形容词easy作补语)
Ill let him go.不定式go用作补语)
1、结构:There be句型常表示某处有某人或某物There be句型动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的主语保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。
如:There is a desktwo chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
(2)、There be句型中的be 有各种时态。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There must be some flowers in the box.
(3)、There be句型可换成There come / go,以引起注意,加强语气。
如:There comes the b There be句型的否定句和疑问句。’t any rain these days.
Are there any peop
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