定语、状语和名性从句讲解.docVIP

定语、状语名词性从句讲解及练习 名词性从句 whatever与no matter what ?It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she wants. A. whatever B. no matter what ? C. whenever ?D. no matter when 此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的，因为句中的 wants 缺宾语，而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D 的区别，可这样描述：no matter what 只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而 whatever 既可引导名词性从句(＝anything that)，也可引导状语从句(＝no matter what)： 1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever)： 无论他做什么都是对的。 正：Whatever he did was right. 误：No matter what he did was right. 无论他说什么似乎都有道理。 正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable. 误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable. 山羊找到什么就吃什么。 正：Goats eat whatever they find. 误：Goats eat no matter what they find. 2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)： 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 正：Whatever you say，I won’t believe you. 正：No matter what you say，I won’t believe you. 无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。 正：Keep calm，whatever happens. 正：Keep calm，no matter what happens. 名词性从句的三个基本要素 ? 要素一：引导词 也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类，二是if / whether类，三是疑问词类。既然是引导词，所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。 ? 要素二：语序 名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语＋谓语”。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。 ? 要素一：时态 若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。 引导宾语从句that的省略问题 ? ■名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中： I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 I know (that) he will be in time. 我知道他会赶得上的。 I knew (that) he would be in time. 我当时知道他会赶得上的。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。 ■在某些动词 (如answer, imply) 之后则一般需要用that。如： He answered that he was from Austria. 他说他是奥地利人。 She answered that she preferred to eat alone. 她回答说她愿意独自吃。 I don’t wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了。 The newspapers have implied that they are having an affair. 报纸报道暗指他们有染。 ■在较长的句子里，特别在“that从句”与动词隔开时，that一般不可省略。如： The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car an