直接引语和间接语的用法及练习题(附答案).doc

直接引语和间接引语的用法 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1． 直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。He said , You are younger than I.-He said that I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if whether 引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?→She asked me if 或whether I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you?→She asked me whether 或if I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. 3 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , Where do you live?→He asked me where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）.The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.→The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.→His father told him not to leave the door open.[注意]（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.→He suggested our going to the theatre.或He suggested that we should go to the theatre. 2 Would you mind opening the window? he asked.→He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .→he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.→He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时I am angry.” He told me that he was