动物的取食、消与吸收.docVIP

动物的取食、消化与吸收 一 动物的取食 动物主要靠取食获得活动能量和合成自身组织的物质，所以取食行为可以视为是其他行为的基础。取食行为不仅要满足取食者对营养的需求，往往还要满足其他同种个体包括配偶或后代的需求，如工蚁叼回巢内的食物还要供给幼虫及司繁殖、保卫的其他个体食用。各种动物在取食行为的各个环节采用不同的策略，以更好地适应环境，用较少的代价取得较多的营养。这可以从食性和取食方式等方面讨论。动物以植物为食料的习性称为植食性。一般是双胃,前面一个相当于食物储藏袋,后一个胃才是用于消化食物,有反刍行为,一般在休息时候可将食物吐出再反复咀嚼,细嚼慢咽,胃内分泌的消化酶可以消化纤维素,以淀粉酶为主,胃壁结构分为4层,胃的蠕动能力较强. 除了体内寄生虫以及待哺的雏禽幼兽外，取得食物都不容易。取食的策略是用尽可能少的时间和精力去获得尽可能多的能量收益。动物在取食过程中面临着种间和种内竞争。同一生境中的不同物种，往往觅食不同对象以避免竞争。此外猎食者还要对付被食者的反抗，并防御其他动物趁机来袭。因此在食物的选择上，不仅要考虑营养价值和适口性，还要考虑取食所需花费的精力与时间。单细胞动物如草履虫摄入的食物在细胞内被各种水解酶分解，称为细胞内消化。多细胞动物的食物由消化管的口端摄入在消化管中消化叫做细胞外消化。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the citys liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the countrys first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for water and the second land of the seven hills. 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, old town-the South Bank Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together.