国际森林土壤研讨会课件XuZH-Fuzhou-ISFS-Presentation-26October2015.ppt

Results and Discussion (continued) Local N deposition associated with increasing CO2 emissions could increase or decrease long-term tree growth rate, depending on if N would be limiting or non-limiting factor for tree growth; Both beech and oak trees would adapt gradually to increasing water limiting environment by increasing tree water use efficiency (WUE) as indicated by tree C-13 and O-18 isotope data, but this would not be adequate to offset or resist the water limiting effects on long-term tree growth rate; Results and Discussion (continued) This model has been tested in other forest ecosystems of Australia, China, Sweden and USA. There is a subtropical to boreal convergence of non-linear responses of tree growth to rising atmospheric CO2 although the sensitivity and magnitude of tree growth responses varied with both biotic (e.g. tree species and aging) and abiotic factors (e.g. water and nitrogen availability). The tipping points of atmospheric CO2 (range: 324–378 ppm) for these forest ecosystems have occurred in the past 10–50 years, and thereafter tree growth has decreased with rising atmospheric CO2. Northern Sweden Fertilization (since 1986) and Warming (since 1995) Norway Spruce Experiment Unfertilized-Warming: BAI (cm2 / yr) = -349.0 + 1.87[CO2] – 0.00244[CO2][CO2] (R2 = 0.335, n = 348, P 0.001) (CO2 tipping point: 383.2 ppm); Unfertilized-Unwarming: BAI (cm2 / yr) = -206.6 + 1.10[CO2] – 0.00144[CO2][CO2] (R2 = 0.392, n = 335, P 0.001) (CO2 tipping point: 381.9 ppm); Fertilized-Unwarming: BAI (cm2 / yr) = -856.3 + 4.62[CO2] – 0.00618[CO2][CO2] (R2 = 0.484, n = 319, P 0.001) (CO2 tipping point: 373.8 ppm); Fertilized-Warming: BAI (cm2 / yr) = -717.4 + 3.85[CO2] – 0.00514[CO2][CO2] (R2 = 0.331, n = 290, P 0.001) (CO2 tipping point: 374.5 ppm) US Duke FACE Elevated CO2 (since 1996) and Fertilization (since 2005) Loblolly Pine (planted 1983) Experiment of Temperate Climate Ambient CO2-Unfert