经济全球化背景波兰及其他欧盟国家工业结构调整.doc

经济全球化背景下波兰及其他欧盟国家工业结构调整 摘要：该文章的目的是分析波兰以及其他欧盟国家产业结构的变化。研究的内容包括：经济转型时工业在波兰经济中角色的转变、欧洲一体化和全球化对就业结构和生产性固定资产总值的增值、波兰产业的分支结构以及出口结构的变化、外资对企业的影响及其在波兰产业重组中的作用。 关键词：欧洲联盟，全球化，产业结构调整，波兰，产业结构 原 文： Industrial restructuring in Poland and other European Union states in the era of economic globalization Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyze changes in industry in Poland with respect to changes in other European Union member states. The research problems include: the changing role of industry in the Polish economy in the era of economic transformation, European integration based and globalization on its share of the employment structure and gross valued added, changes in the branch structure of Polish industry as well as exports as an expression of restructuring processes, influence of foreign capital on the functioning of industrial enterprises and its role in the re-structuring of Polish industry. Keywords: European Union, globalization, industrial restructuring, Poland, structure of industry Nature of restructuring processes While an exhaustive discussion of the concept of restructuring is not the purpose of this paper, it is worth noting that most researchers in the field agree that restructuring is not an unambiguous concept and may be understood in different ways [16,17,18,19,20,21]. In the literature, it is commonly accepted that there exist two different approaches to this issue: 1) a macroscale approach based on the national economy, and 2) a microscale approach based on enterprises [22,23]. Some researchers [19] have also identified something known as meso-restructuring, which views industry branch and regional structures from a middle point of view – somewhere between micro- and macro-restructuring. Changes in industrial structure on a macro- and meso-economic scale take place as a result of changes in the functioning of individual industrial enterprises. Such enterprises are treated as basic elements of spatial forms of industrial concentration. Hence, it is import