Mba,mpampacc联考英语词汇助动词.docVIP

Mba,mpa,mpacc联考英语词汇助动词【mba加油站】 一、助动词 　　助动词不能独立使用，但可以帮助实义动词构成不同的时态和语态，表达不同的意义。常见的助动词有:be， do, have, shall, will等。 　　1. be 的用法 　　(1)与动词的现在分词构成各种进行时态。 　　I am playing computer games. 　　What were you doing at 8 oclock this moming? 　　The children have been watching TV all moming. 　　(2) 与动词的过去分词构成被动语态。 　　The book was written in English. 　　English is spoken all over the world. 　　The bridge is being built. The book has been translated into many languages. 　2. do 的用法 　　(1)在一般现在或一般过去时态中，构成否定或疑问结构。 　　She doesnt speak English. 　　Did you see him in the party? 　　I dont think you are right. 　　(2) 构成否定的祈使句。 　　Dont be so careless！ 　　Dont speak so fast！ 　　(3) 在一般现在或一般过去时态中的肯定句中，强调动词，意为一定，务必，的确。 　　Do be careful！ 　　I did go, but she wasnt in. 　3. have 的用法 　　(1)与动词的过去分词构成完成时态。 　　He has just left. 　　Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 　　They had got everything ready before I came. 　　(2) 用于虚拟语气。 　　If you had posted the letter, Mother would have received it last Monday. 　　Had I left earlier， I wouldn t have missed the train. 4. shall 和will的用法 　　助动词shall 和will和动词原形构成将来时。shall/should 仅限于第一人称， will/would可用于所有人称。 　　Will you stay here a little longer? 　　I shall go to Hong Kong next week. 　　He told me that he would see me off at the station. 　　【注意] shall/should 和will/would 也可用作情态动词。 二、情态动词 　　情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立使用，要和另一动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的某种情绪，没有人称和数的变化。英语中的情态动词主要有can， cou1d, may, might, must,will, would, shall, should, ought to, dare, need 等。大多数情态动词都可以表示推测，其肯定程度由低到高为might→may→could→can→should→ought to→would→will→must。 　　1. can/could 和may/might 　　could 是can 的过去式形式， might 是may 的过去式形式。 　　(1)表示能力，意为能够。 　　can表示天生的或学到的能力， could 表示过去天生的或学到的能力may 和might不能用来表示能力。 　　Bill is only nine months old and he can already stand up. 　　He can speak several foreign languages. 　　As a child, he could play the piano. 　　【注意】can 与is/am/are able to 的区别 　　① can 可与is/am/are able to互换使用，但在将来时和完成时中必须用will be able to和have/has been able to 。 　　Can yo