运算放大器_加器_减法器.docVIP

在分析运算放大器信号运算电路时，必须掌握运算放大器工作于线性区的特点，运算放大器的开环放大倍数是很高的，一般运放的开环差模增益都大于80dB（即放大倍数以上），所以要使运放工作于线性区必须引入深反馈，以减小两个输入端的净输入电压，也就是说运放工作于线性区时同相输入端于反相输入端的电压接近于零，即，运放工作于线性区的这一特点简称“虚短”，即不是真正短路 + U ≈ ? U。又因运放的输入电阻很高104MΩ ，场效应管作出的运放大于106 MΩ，所以运放两个输入端的电流可视为零，即-I＝0，+I＝0，这是运放工作于线性区的第二个特点，称为“虚断”。掌握了运放的这两个特点，分析运算放大器信号运算电路就十分简便。1、 反相比例运算电路： 式中负号表示输出电压于输入电压相位相反。反相比例运算放大器是电压并联负反馈电路，所以其输出电阻很小，带负载能力强， 图6-6 积分电路输入方波时的输入输出波形由上式可以看出输出三角波幅值与输入信号的幅值以及周期T 成正比，与时间常数成反比。积分电路的误差主要是由电容的运放不够理想引起的。 appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width 1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable produ