论中国近代法律英的法治理想.doc

论中国近代法律精英的法治理想 【原文出处】河南省政法管理干部学院学报 【原刊地名】郑州 【原刊期号】200601 【原刊页号】93～101 【分 类 号】D410 【分 类 名】法理学、法史学 【复印期号】200605 【英文标题】Comment on the Legal Ideal of Elites of Law in Chinese Modern Times Zhang Renshan (Law School, Nanjing University, Nanjing ,Jiangsu 210093) 【标题注释】基金项目：本文系江苏省社科基金项目“清末民初法制变革”阶段成果之一。 【作 者】张仁善 【作者简介】张仁善(1964-)，男，江苏东台人，南京大学法学院教授，博士生导师　江苏　南京　210093 【内容提要】中国历史上几次大的法律转型，都离不开法律精英的发起和推动。传统中国社会，法律精英们的任务就是想尽一切办法论证专制权力存在的合理性，他们自身也因此变成专制权力的附着物，成为“人治”社会的牺牲品。近代法律精英的产生及其法治理想的形成是在清末传统社会向近代社会变迁之后，法律精英通过直接或间接途径，着手在中华本土绘制法治蓝图，追求法治理想：尝试制定良法，构建近代法律体系；创制根本大法，追求宪政精神；收回治外法权，捍卫司法主权；争取司法独立，倡导司法公正；强调依法而治，注重保障人权。由于受现实政治、社会及自身条件的制约，法律精英的法治理想注定只能停留在理论层面，实际效应并不明显，政权更迭之际，自身也面临复杂的人生抉择。1949年以后的很长一段时间内，法律精英大多退到历史的后台，没有机会展示法治理想和抱负。直到数十年后，随着新一代法律精英的诞生，法律文化才重新焕发出勃勃生机。但是，法律精英要实现个体人格的真正独立，恪守法律至上，胸怀法治理想，为整个法治社会贡献才智，还有漫长的路要走。 【摘 要 题】思想与文化 【英文摘要】We can t separate the initiation and promotion of elites of law from several large transformations of law in Chinese history. In traditional Chinese society, the elites task was to try their best to demonstrate that the existence of arbitrary power was reasonable. Therefore, they themselves became accessories of arbitrary power and victims of the rule by man society. After the traditional society of late Qing Dynasty turned into the modern society, the modern elites of law and their ideal began to appear. In direct of indirect ways, elites of law began to draw the native blueprint of the rule of law in china, and chased for ideal of law. They tried to establish good law and structure modern legal system; they created the extraterritoriality and safeguarded the judicial sovereignty; they fought for the judicial independence and sparkplug judicial justice; they emphasized the rule of law and paid attention to safeguard human rights. Because of the limitation of realistic politics, society and conditions of themselves, their ideal of law was restricted to the theoretic levels and the practical effects were not obvious. At the time of c