开口式固床工应用於野溪整治之研究.docVIP

開口式固床工應用於野溪整治之研究The Applicability of Open-slot Groundsills in Torrent Control. 研究生：林原巧 Lin, Yuan-Chiao 指導教授：吳嘉俊 Wu, C.-C. 【摘要】 自然野溪依上游流域的泥砂與水文特性，衍生自我調節與平衡的法則。然而，系列固床工的構築，將連續的水流流路切割成段，使原本貫通的生態廊道受到阻隔，並對濱水生態棲息地造成嚴重的衝擊。 本研究透過室內水工模型試驗，探討固床工不同開口型式對直線段河道整治後溪床床型變化的影響，並以SDI歧異度指數（Shannon Diversity Index）量化床型之高程變化，同時，利用達西阻力係數（Darcy’s friction factor）量化床型形狀糙度之變化。本研究之結果大致歸納出下列幾點結論： 動床間床型變化隨水流型態、泥砂特性與固床工型式之改變而出現不同之變化。 設置開口之固床工較傳統固床工提供較多樣床型的變化機制歧異度1，最高可提升至單開口固床工的2.093。 水流匯流聚能現象隨固床工阻水比的降低而逐漸提昇，故傳統式固床工對淘刷坑深度的抑制效果較佳，且淘刷坑之最大淘刷深度約為單開口固床工的一半。 當坡度較緩時，可選擇較低阻水比的固床工配置，以增加水流束縮提昇床型變化。 坡度較陡時，應選擇高阻水比之多開口式固床工配置，以達到分散水流、抑制淘刷坑淘刷深度，並兼具維持生態廊道貫通與多樣床型的變化。 關鍵字：野溪整治、渠床床型、床型阻力、固床工型式、床型歧異度指數、達西阻力係數Natural streams often follow the principles of self-adjustment to balance the variations in geometry and hydrology of the watershed. Nevertheless, the construction of groundsills in series divides a stream into segments that dissects ecological corridor and affects wildlife habitats. The objective of this research is to investigate the applicability of groundsill open slot patterns in creating diversified bedforms in a straight channel through series of flume experiments. Shannon Diversity Index was used to quantify the bedform diversity; whereas, Darcy’s friction factor was used to quantify the bedform frictional resistance. Preliminary results of this study can be summarized as the following: Variations in bedforms are the results of flow regime, sediment characteristics, and open-slot patterns of the groundsills. Multi-slot groundsills provide greater diversity in bedform than conventional groundsills, so that SDI increases from 0.261 for conventional groundsills to maximum 2.093 for single open-slot groundsills. The power of the stream increases as water block ratio of the open-slot groundsills decreases. Therefore, conventional groundsills that providing no concentration of inflow have better control in channel scour. The maximum scour depth that conventional groundsill creates reaches only half of that