人教新课标定语句[关系代词]适合新高一用.docVIP

定语从句复习笔记PARTI I: 定语从句的基本框架: “先行词+关系词+从句” 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词.本单元关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which. 其中关系词紧接着先行词,并起到以下3个作用: (关系词=连词+代词) 指代之前出现的先行词 起到连词的作用,连接两个句子 在从句里面充当一定的成分,主语或宾语,甚至是表语,定语等 先行词为人:可以使用who(宾格为whom,且口语中常用who代替) 和that.可以互换.其中做主语who和that不能省,但做宾语时可以省略,这也是考点.记住,介词后面只能使用: 介词+whom或 介词+which)(whose是who的所有格,相当于who’s形式,“…谁的”,whose+n可以替换为以下结构：the+ n +of which/whom，或of which/whom+the+n ) 先行词为物：可以使用that, which.这两词一般可以相互替换,做主语不可以省,做宾语可以省略或保留.介词后面照样只能用which.) PS: in that=because 固定词组 (做题应该注意先行词的缺失情况,从句成分的主语和宾语是否为’二缺一’等) II: that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 可以充当主语或宾语，但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定冠词all, none， few, little, much, everything, anything, something, nothing等，或被这些词所修饰的时候 All (that) you have to do is to practise every day. There isn’t much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时. The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. 先行词被no，all, any, every, few, little, very，some等限定词词修饰时. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时. This is the very book that I want to read. 这正是我想要读的那一本书 This is the same book that I want to read. (两本书是同一本书) ----This is the same book as I want to read.(和我想读的书一样) 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导. Who is the man that is standing there? Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ? ⑥先行词同时包含人和物的时候。 We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. PS: 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 There is a street that is very busy every night. 2.time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略,做宾语可省；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。 This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson. The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. It’s time ( that/when ) we got up. III:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别： 非限定性定语从句和限制性定语从句的显著区别点就是：非限制性定语从句前一般有“逗号”，这时只能用which，不能用that！ ★（限制性的定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，彼此意思是紧密相联的，而且相互内在关系是密不可分的，如果省略了，就会使整个主句没有意义。） He is the man who has strong personality. 他是一个个性很强的人. ★（相对比与限制性定语从句，非限制性的定语从句和先行词之间有逗号连