朵丽蝶兰属减数分裂染色体之配对与结实之探讨.doc

朵麗蝶蘭屬減數分裂染色體之配對與結實之探討Study on meiotic chromosome behavior and capsule setting in Doritaenopsis orchids 研究生：斐伯樂?os Villegas, Pablo Albert 指導教授：陳福旗Fure-Chyi Chen 【摘要】 朵麗蝶蘭 Doritaenopsis 的育受到因子的限制，例如：雜交後種子率低。然而經由細胞學研究，選擇出，同源染色體配對良好花粉活力高染色體配對良好且無嚴重的染色體重組，像是臂內倒轉和位倒轉和位不利於花粉管的生長和受精。朵麗蝶蘭雜交活力、減數分裂染色體的行為率成熟果莢與其種子數雜交效力。 利用螢光分析細胞代謝活力和紅染觀察花粉減數分裂。通常於上午11~12取根尖細胞或是花3/4大小花苞的花粉觀察染色體數減數分裂的染色體配對。高結率高的四分體和高的染色體配對與低染色體變異如倒轉和位彼此間相關。 三種型。第一種為染色體以二價體配對，花粉母細胞分裂四分子期且完成受精。包含了朵麗蝶蘭Jiuhbao Red Rose 4x , Dtps. Chian-Huey Red Rose ‘F904’ 4x 、Ruey Lih Beauty 4x 及Purple Gem 2x 。為減數分裂的染色體不完全配對，大多數的染色體為單價體甚至有四價體，核花粉細胞高授粉後結率低。這類型包括了朵麗蝶蘭Minho Diamond ‘F729’ 2x 、Sogo Gem ‘F859’ 2x 和Bin You Danseuse ‘F574’ 4x 。第三種為染色體，如在減數分裂期間出現四價或多價的染色體 、粗絲期發生倒轉環和轉位接合或是於後期出現染色體橋。花粉母細胞分裂且無生殖能力。此類型包含了朵麗蝶蘭Sogo Gem ‘F1089’ 3x 、Sogo Gem ‘F752’ 3x 、Fuchsia Princess ‘KHM648’ 2x 和I-Hsin Purple Jewel 3x . 具有正常四分子的品種其花粉活稔實率高然而雜交授粉後的低結率可能是減數分裂後產生的核所造成。對於育種者，染色體重組像是粗絲期的倒轉和轉位，染色體加倍恢復稔性，因此謹慎的選拔種。深入研究蝴蝶蘭和朵麗蝶蘭的染色體有助於瞭解物種形成。 關鍵字：朵麗蝶蘭、減數分裂染色體態、花粉活、蘭花育種Development of new varieties in Doritaenopsis orchids may be hindered by different factors including low seed set in hybrids. However, through cytological studies it may be feasible to develop new hybrids by selecting varieties with good chromosome pairing and high pollen viability, good pairing is an approximate indicator of genome homology without serious chromosomal rearrangements such as paracentric inversions and translocations. Inversions and translocations are liabilities since they may reduce the ability of pollen to develop and fertilize ovules. Cross pollinations, pollen viability, and chromosomal behavior during meiosis were analyzed to reveal the correlation between seed fertility and capsule set in Doritaenopsis hybrids. The number of mature capsules harvested and their relative seed content were used as indexes of crossing availability. The results of meiosis were evaluated according to pollen viability detected by fluorescein diacetate, which indicates membrane m