不定式用法讲解.doc

非谓语动词----不定式 非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词。 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。同时，不定式仍保留着动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语、表语和状语，一起构成不定式短语；可以有自己的时态和语态变化形式;可以有自己的否定形式;可以带出自己的逻辑主语。 一、不定式的用法 1、??不定式作主语： 不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.? 百闻不如一见。 To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。 To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。? To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后，使句子显得平稳一些。如：It’s good manners to wait in line.?? 排队等候是很有礼貌的。 It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.??? 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。 Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。?? 注意：? 当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 2、不定式作表语：不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。?The most important thing is to put theory into practice.?? 最重要的事情是把理论付诸实践。??????? The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.??????? 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。 His wish is to become an astronaut.?? 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 My?work?is?to?clean?the?room?every?day.?我的工作是每天清扫房间。His?dream?is?to?be?a?doctor.?他的梦想是成为一名医生。??注意：? 有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。? She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。3、不定式作宾语：? He wanted to know the truth.?? 他想知道真相。 He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it. 我问到他的时候，他假装读过这本书。 可接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve（应受、应得）, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, help, hope, intend, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, threaten（威胁，扬言要）, want, wish （下列动词接v-ing做宾语avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help） ②在feel,