环境病毒学导论2010.docVIP

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY Overview What is environmental virology? Why do we study environmental virology? What do we study in this course? How will we study in this course? Textbook Grade What is Environmental Virology? What is environment? air, water, soil anything outside an individual个人的 What is virus? special organism生物体: noncellular entity containing genetic substances of DNA, RNA or protein, capable of intracellular细胞内 (cellular parasitic寄生的) reproduction-entity between organism and non-organism polio virus小儿麻痹症, small pox天花, HIV, HAV (HBV, HCV), SARS, enterovirus肠病毒, TMV, phage, prion阮病毒, etc. What is Environmental Virology? to study virus behaviors in environments: types, amounts, sources, transferring, surviving, replication复制, evolution进化, etc. (ecological virology-theory) to mitigate缓和 environmental pollution (including virus pollution) through virus: disinfection消毒, reduction of greenhouse gases, control of red tide赤潮 (cyanobacteria蓝藻细菌), monitoring of enterovirus, etc. (environmental virology-application) Why do we study Environmental Virology? Virus is one of the major biological pollutants (pathogens致病菌-negative aspect). smallpox (smallpox virus) polio脊髓灰质炎 (poliovirus) flu (influenza) measle麻疹 (measles virus) diarrhea腹泻 (enterovirus) cancer (HBV) Virus can control environmental pollutants (remediation修复 and monitoring-positive aspect). to remove enterovirus by phage to kill cyanobacteria蓝藻细菌 by phage to mitigate缓和 greenhouse gases to monitor treatment effects处理效果 “未来与人类竞争世界的唯一对手是病毒。” 乔苏亚。莱德伯格（1958年生物及医学诺贝尔奖）“人类的幸存不是预先注定的。。。。。。人类在这个星球上继续行使主宰权的最大威胁是病毒。” 霍金“如果不能在太空中找到新的适合人类居住的星球的话，人类最终会被一种致命的病毒消灭殆尽。” What do we study in the course “Environmental Virology”? History of Environmental Virology Basics of Virology characteristics (size, shape, chemical composition, structure, etc.) infection classification phage characteristics phage classification Virological methods Concentration浓缩 Purification提纯 culcuring enumera