10_【推理判题】.docVIP

推理判断题 　　推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一,也是考生失分率较高的题型。推理判断题要求考生不仅要读懂句子的字面含义,而且要理解其深层含义,也就是理解作者的言外之意(read between lines),并能够根据证据(evidence)或事实(fact)进行判断、分析和推理,从而得出结论。因此,在文章中快速准确地寻找到用以判断推理的证据就非常重要。 设计特点 1. 题干形式 推理判断题的题干中常有infer, imply, suggest等标志性的单词,由此可判断,此类试题属于推理判断题。常见的题干设题形式如下: (1) What can be inferred about...in the passage? (2) The last sentence “...” implies that 　　　　. (3) What Mr Smith said suggests that 　　　　. 2. 选项特点 推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点,而不是文章中的具体事实。因此,干扰项具有以下特征: (1) 似是而非:这类干扰项仅是对文章信息的简单陈述,而不是依据事实得出的结论。这种选项对考生的干扰性极大,极容易迷惑考生,表面上看起来很正确,符合原文的意思;第二种情况是前半句推理正确,后半句却错了。 (2) 夸大事实:对文章的事实或证据进行夸大。 (3) 推理过度:这类选项往往过于绝对化,有时会出现only, all等词语,所作出的结论不符合逻辑。 (4) 掺入常识:按常识来讲是正确的,但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。 解题思路 1. 返回原文,将选项与原文一一进行比较。看是否可以通过题干或选项返回原文。 2. 推理判断题一般针对原文的一两个重点。无论推理判断题能否根据题干定位原文,都要将它对应文章的一两个点。这些点通常是原文中“话中有话”的间接表达句,这些句子往往采用说半句话、打比喻、反着说、对比等方式让考生有推理的余地。所以,找推理判断题的答案时要特别注意原文表示对比、比较或有转折的地方,以及含义深刻、结构复杂的句子(意思不容易一下子看透),这些往往是出推理判断题的地方。 3. 正确答案特征:最近答案原则。选项中与原文意思最接近、推理步骤最少的为正确答案。就是说,正确答案要么将原文某句话换个说法,要么做一步推理,而不会做多步推理。而且,推理必须以原文为依据,不能运用课外的知识。推理判断题的答案一般是这么编写的: (1) 将原文的某句话换个说法,如换成同义词; (2) 将原文几句话或一段话归纳一下,就是说以段落主题或句群的论点为答案; (3) 由构成对比的一方推断另一方。如果原文中提到两个事物,二者形成对比,而且已知其中一个事物的特点,那么可以推断另一事物的特点。 (一)(2014·广东卷C篇) 　　Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project. I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family. 　　Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwor