DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CHAPTERS 28 - 31.ppt

THYROID ANTITHYROID AGENTS THYROID GLAND Has a rich blood supply, receiving 80 – 120 ml blood per minute Can deliver high levels of hormones in a short period of time if necessary Able to store hormones release them in a steady flow over a long period of time THYROID GLAND Secretes 3 hormones essential for proper regulation of metabolism: Thyroxine - T4 Triiodothyronine – T3 Calcitonin Thyroid hormones have 3 principle effects on the body: Regulate organic metabolism energy balance Regulate growth development Regulate activity of nervous system THYROID GLAND T3 T4 produced in thyroid gland through iodination and coupling of the amino acid tyrosine This iodide is acquired from our diet (i.e. iodized salt) Body needs ~ 1 mg per week Trapped in thyroid gland concentrated to 20x its potency in blood Converted by thyroid into iodine THYROID GLAND When signaled, thyroglobulin-thyroid hormone complex is enzymatically broken down to release either T3 or T4 into systemic circulation Entire process triggered by TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone , thyrotropin Hyperfunction or hypofunction of thyroid gland can lead to wide range of serious consequences Thyroid hormone excess and deficit Hyperthyroidism Palpitations Heat intolerance Tachycardia Diaphoresis Nervousness Weight ? Increased appetite Scanty menses Exophthalmos ? TSH Hypothyroidism Fatigue Cold Intolerance Dry skin, coarse hair Lethargy Weight ? Anorexia Heavy menses Hoarse voice ? TSH HYPOTHYROIDISM Deficiency in Thyroid Hormones Three types: Primary = abnormal thyroid gland unable to perform one of its many functions **most common** Secondary = pituitary gland dysfunctional does not secrete TSH Tertiary = reduced secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus ? decreased TSH ? decreased thyroid hormone levels HYPOTHYROIDISM Lab values Increased TSH Decreased T4 Decreased T3 (does not correlate well) Cretinsim – hypothryoidism from pregnancy Myxedema – hypothryoidism du