第六讲图像锐化解析.pptVIP

空间域锐化Sharpening in the Spatial Domain Spatial Differentiation Average analogous to Integral Smoothing Sharpen could be accomplished by spatial differentiation. Image Differentiation Enhance Edges and other discontinuities such as noise Deemphasize areas with slowly varying gray-level values Foundation Sharpening filters First-order derivative Second-order derivative The behavior of derivatives Constant gray level flat segments At the onset of discontinuities At the end of discontinuities step, ramp Along gray-level ramps These types of discontinuities can be used to model noise points, lines, and edges in an image. Definition First and second order derivatives are commonly used for sharpening. Characteristic of First Derivative First Derivative Must be zero in flat segments areas of constant gray-level values Must be nonzero at the onset of a gray-level step or ramp Must be nonzero along ramps Characteristic of Second-Derivative Second-Derivative Must be zero in flat areas Must be nonzero at the onset and end of a gray-level step or ramp Must be zero along ramps of constant slope. Issues Edges First-order: ‘thick’ Second-order: finer ones Isolated noise point Second-order enhance fine detail Step Double-edge effect use for edge detection Summary First-order derivatives generally produce thicker edges in an image Second-order derivatives have a stronger response to fine detail, such as thin lines and isolated points First-order derivatives generally have a stronger response to a gray-level step Second-order derivatives produce a double response at step changes in gray level. 第二种输出形式 式中T是一个非负的阈值。适当选取T，可使明显的边缘轮廓得到突出，又不会破坏原来灰度变化比较平缓的背景 第三种输出形式 它将明显边缘用一固定的灰度级LG来表现。 第四种输出形式 此方法将背景用一个固定的灰度级 LB来表现，便于研究边缘灰度的变化。 第五种输出形式 这种方法将明显边缘和背景分别用灰度级LG和LB表示，生成二值图像，便于研究边缘所在位置。 基于二阶微分的图像增强——拉普拉斯算子 拉普拉斯 Laplacian 运算 定义为： 由这两个分量相加得到，拉普拉斯算子可定义为： 拉普拉斯掩模： 0 1 0 1 -4 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 -8 1 1 1 1 0 -1 0 -1 4 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 8 -1 -1 -1 -1 原图像 拉普拉斯算子锐化 0 1 0 1 -4 1 0