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Oligo[poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate] Hydrogel Enhances Osteochondral Repair in Porcine Femoral Condyle Defects James H. Hui, FRCS, MD, Xiafei Ren, PhD, Mohd Hassan Afizah, MSc, Kerm Sin Chian, PhD, and Antonios G. Mikos, PhD Cartilage Repair Program, Therapeutic Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288 Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore , Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Division of Manufacturing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX USA James H. Hui, Email: gs.ude.shun@iuh_semaj, Email: gs.ude.sun@jiuhsod. Corresponding author. Author information ? Copyright and License information ? Copyright ? The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons? 2012 This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background Management of osteochondritis dissecans remains a challenge. Use of oligo[poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel scaffold alone has been reported in osteochondral defect repair in small animal models. However, preclinical evaluation of usage of this scaffold alone as a treatment strategy is limited. Questions/purposes We therefore (1) determined in vitro pore size and mechanical stiffness of freeze-dried and rehydrated freeze-dried OPF hydrogels, respectively; (2) assessed in vivo gross defect filling percentage and histologic findings in defects implanted with rehydrated freeze-dried hydrogels for 2 and 4?months in a porcine model; (3) analyzed highly magnified histologic sections for different types of cartilage repair tissues, subchondral bone, and scaffold; and (4) assessed neot