APS审核—数据库.doc

数据库 Database Management Systems What is a database? A very large, integrated collection of data. Models real-world application : Entities (e.g., students, courses) Relationships (e.g., Madonna is taking CS564) Usually data is too large to fit into main memory, and often used by many users DBMS =Database Management System software package designed to store, manage and provide access to databases. ER Model Entity: Real-world object distinguishable from other objects. An entity is described (in DB) using a set of attributes. Entity Set: A collection of similar entities. E.g., all employees. All entities in entity set have same set of attributes. Each entity set has a key. Each attribute has a domain. Relationship: Association among two or more entities. Relationship Set: Collection of similar relationships. Same entity set could participate in different relationship sets (搑oles? in the same set.h Weak Entities: A weak entity can be identified uniquely only by considering the primary key of another (owner) entity. Owner entity set and weak entity set must participate in a one-to-many relationship set (one owner and many weak entities). Weak entity set must have total participation in this identifying relationship set. Translate Entity sets to tables CREATE TABLE Employees (ssn CHAR(11), name CHAR(20), lot INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (ssn)) Translate Relationship Sets to Tables Foreign Keys:Keys for each participating entity set Keys:This set of attributes forms super-key for relation CREATE TABLE Works_In( ssn CHAR(11), did INTEGER, since DATE, PRIMARY KEY (ssn, did), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, FOREIGN KEY (did) REFERENCES Departments) Translating Weak Entity Sets CREATE TABLE Dep_Policy ( pname CHAR(20), age INTEGER, cost REAL, ssn CHAR(11), PRIMARY KEY (pname, ssn), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFE