Chapter 3 Graphics and Image Data Representations.ppt

* GIF GIF standard: (We examine GIF standard because it is so simple! yet contains many common elements.) Limited to 8-bit (256) color images only, which, while producing acceptable color images, is best suited for images with few distinctive colors (e.g., graphics or drawing). GIF standard supports interlacing— successive display of pixels in widely-spaced rows by a 4-pass display process. GIF actually comes in two flavors: GIF87a: The original speci?cation. GIF89a: The later version. Supports simple animation via a Graphics Control Extension block in the data, provides simple control over delay time, a transparency index, etc. * GIF87 For the standard speci?cation, the general ?le format of a GIF87 ?le is as in Fig. 3.12. Fig. 3.12: GIF ?le format. GIF签名 屏幕描述符 全局色图 图像描述符 局部色图 GIF结束符 … … 光栅区域 重复1~n遍 * GIF87 Screen Descriptor comprises a set of attributes that belong to every image in the ?le. According to the GIF87 standard, it is de?ned as in Fig. 3.13. Fig. 3.13: GIF screen descriptor. * GIF87 Color Map is set up in a very simple fashion as in Fig. 3.14. However, the actual length of the table equals 2(pixel+1)as given in the Screen Descriptor. Fig. 3.14: GIF color map. . * GIF87 Each image in the ?le has its own Image Descriptor, de?ned as in Fig. 3.15. Fig. 3.15: GIF image descriptor. * GIF87 If the “interlace” bit is set in the local Image Descriptor, then the rows of the image are displayed in a four-pass sequence (Fig.3.16). Fig.3.16: GIF 4–pass interlace display row order. * GIF87 We can investigate how the ?le header works in practice by having a look at a particular GIF image. Fig. 3.7 on page is an 8-bit color GIF image, in UNIX, issue the command: To decipher the remainder of the ?le header (after “GIF87a”), we use hexadecimal: * JPEG JPEG: The most important current standard for image compression. The human vision system has some speci?c limitations and JPEG takes advantage of these to achieve high rates of compression.