Physics 101 Lecture 28.pptVIP

Physics 101: Lecture 28The Transfer of Heat Today’s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 13 The Transfer of Heat Convection Conduction Radiation Concept Question Which of the following is an example of convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer? 1. You stir some hot soup with a silver spoon and notice that the spoon warms up. 2. You stand watching a bonfire, but can’t get too close because of the heat. 3. Its hard for central air-conditioning in an old house to cool the attic. Heat Transfer: Convection Convection: heat is transferred by the bulk movement of a gas or liquid. Example: Fluid is sitting on a burner is heated from below. The fluid right above the flame is getting hot and thus expands: V increases = density decrease Thus, the hotter fluid experiences a net force upward (buoyant force) FB = rcold V g rhot V g Archimedes Principle: low density floats on high density = warmer fluid moves upward and is replaced by cooler fluid - fluid is warmed - moves upward - and so on Cycle continues with net result of circulation of fluid that carries heat. Practical aspects: heater ducts on floor A/C ducts on ceiling stove heats water from bottom Heat Transfer: Conduction Conduction: Heat is transferred directly trough a material (bulk motion does not play a role). Atoms/molecules of hotter materials have more KE than atoms/molecules of cooler materials. Gas/fluids: high-speed atoms/molecules collide with low-speed atoms/molecules: energy transferred to lower-speed atoms/molecules heat transfers from hot to cold Metals: electrons can “freely” move and can transport energy P = rate of heat transfer = Q/t [J/s] Q = k A (TH-TC)/L k = “thermal conductivity” Units: J/(s m C) good thermal conductors…high k (e.g. metals) good thermal insulators … low k (e.g. wood) Example with 2 layers: find P=Q/t in J/s Key Point: Continuity (just like fluid flow) P1 = P2 k1A(T0-TC)/Dx1 = k2A