Lesson 14 - Hydraulics.pptVIP

Hydraulics hy·drau·lics [h drólliks ] noun study of fluids:? the study of water or other fluids at rest or in motion, especially with respect to engineering applications Objectives Behavior of liquids theory of operation Basic hydraulic system components Advantages disadvantages of hydraulics Electrohydraulic systems including speed gears steering gears Introduction/Uses Hydraulics used in many applications: Steering/control systems (rudder, planes) Deck machinery (anchor windlass, capstans, winches) Masts antennae on submarines Weapons systems (loading launching) Other: elevators, presses Hydraulic Theory Hydraulics Covers the physical behavior of liquids in motion Pressurized oil used to gain mechanical advantage and perform work Important Properties Shapelessness Incompressibility Transmission of Force Important Properties “Shapelessness” Liquids have no neutral form Conform to shape of container Easily transferred through piping from one location to another Incompressibility Liquids are essentially incompressible Once force is removed, liquid returns to original volume (no permanent distortion) Transmission of Force Force is transmitted equally undiminished in every direction - vessel filled with pressure Hydraulic Theory Pascal’s Law Magnitude of force transferred is in direct proportion to the surface area (F = P*A) Pressure = Force/Area Liquid properties enable large objects (rudder, planes, etc) to be moved smoothly Hydraulic Mechanical Advantage Basic Hydraulic System Hydraulic Fluid Usually oil (2190 TEP) Pressure Source Hydraulic pump (A-end of system) Pressure user Hydraulic motor (B-end of system) Piping system (w/ valves, tanks, etc) Get fluid from A-end to B-end Hydraulic Pump (A-End) Pumps can be positive displacement or centrifugal Hydraulic Pump (A-End) Cylinder/Motor (B-end) Piston/cylinder used if desired motion is linear Hydraulic pressure moves piston ram Load is connected to ram (rudder, planes, masts, periscopes) Cylinder/Mo