新托福阅读复习材料：美国科学文摘精选.docVIP

新托福阅读复习材料：美国科学文摘精选The Planet Earth?? The 2000 Antarctic Ozone Hole Was Largest Ever?? The 2000 Antarctic Ozone Hole was the largest ever observed. Earths wetter ? upper atmosphere may delay global ozone recovery. ? NASA researchers have found that an increase in water vapor in the ? stratosphere, stemming partially from greenhouse gases, may delay ozone ? recovery and increase the rate of climate change. ? To check on the long-term stratospheric cooling and ozone depletion, NASA put ? data from satellites and other remote sensors into its GISS global climate ? model. It was the first study to link greenhouse gases to increased ozone ? depletion over populated areas. ? Water and ozone. Climate models show cooler stratospheric temperatures happen ? when there is more water vapor present. Water vapor also leads to the ? breakdown of ozone molecules. ? The stratosphere is the dry layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, ? where temperatures increase with height. ? According to satellite data, upper atmospheric temperatures around the world - ? at altitudes of 20 to 35 miles high -- have cooled between 5.4 and 10.8 ? degrees Fahrenheit over recent decades. ? Driving forces. NASA found two driving forces behind the change in ? stratospheric moisture:?? Increased emissions of the greenhouse gas methane are transformed into water?? in the stratosphere, accounting for about a third of the observed increase?? in moisture there.?? More water is transported from the lower atmosphere. Warmer air holds more?? water vapor than colder air, so the amount of water vapor in the lower?? atmosphere increases as it is warmed by the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse?? gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, may enhance the transport of?? water into the stratosphere. ? The increased transport of water vapor to the stratosphere seems likely to ? have been induced by human activities. ? Ozone destruction. Rising greenhouse gas emissions account