endmembranes浅析.pptVIP

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis（受体介导的胞吞）also calledclathrin-dependent endocytosis（网格蛋白依赖的胞吞） Mammalian cells ingest hormones, growth factors, enzymes, serum proteins, cholesterol, antibodies, iron, and even some viruses and bacterial toxins. Depending on receptor, adaptor protein（接头蛋白或衔接蛋白）, clathrin（网格蛋白）, dynamin（发动蛋白）. Coated vesicle（有被小泡） Role in cell signaling: EGF receptor and cell desensitization. Endosome（胞内体）： Early endosomes（早胞内体） Late endosomes（晚胞内体） Fates for the complexes of receptor and ligand after endocytosis To a lysosome for degradation; To the TGN and transported; Transcytosis（转胞吞）; Or Receptor recycled. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Yolk Protein（卵黄蛋白） by a Chicken Oocyte（卵母细胞） Familial hypercholesterolemia （家族性高胆固醇血症，FH ）------ defective in LDL receptor Animal cells acquire cholesterol either by ingesting LDL or synthesizing itself. Cultured fibroblast cells from FH patients synthesized cholesterol at abnormally high rates compared with normal cells. Normal cells also synthesized cholesterol at abnormally high rates when they were deprived of LDLs. Coated Vesicles in Cellular Transport Processes Coated vesicles（包被小泡）are involved in vesicular traffic（膜泡运输） throughout the endomembrane system, as well as transport during exocytosis and endocytosis. COP: for “coat protein.” Adaptor protein (AP) Forcing nearly flat membranes to form spherical vesicles, Preventing premature, nonspecific fusion of a budding vesicle with nearby membranes, Regulating the interactions between budding vesicles and microtubules Clathrin-coated vesicles Clathrin and adaptor protein (AP) Triskelions (三脚架蛋白) AP bind to different transmembrane receptor proteins and confer specificity during vesicle budding and targeting. APs are sites for regulation of clathrin assembly and disassembly Dynamin is a cytosolic GTPase required for coated pit constriction and closing of the budding vesicle. COPI-coated vesicles and COPII-coated vesicles SNARE Proteins Mediate Fusion Between