Lect3-Grad-OO-Chapter2-Object_Model-3.pptVIP

Lecture 3. Object Model 内容提要 1. The Foundation of the Object Model (Grady Booch book (2.2) ) 2. Elements of the Object Model Grady Booch book (2.3) 1. The Foundation of the Object Model 面向对象技术建立在坚实的工程基础之上；将面向对象技术的元素叫做对象模型 OO technology is built on a sound engineering foundation, whose elements we collectively call the object model. 因此，面向对象继承了结构化编程的特点。 对象模型的基本原则 The object model encompasses the principles of abstraction, （抽象） encapsulation, （封装） modularity, （模块化） hierarchy, （层次） typing, （类型） concurrency, and （并发） Persistence （持久） 对象模型的重要方面是 综合考虑 以上要素 What is important about the object model is that these elements are brought together in a synergistic(协作的) way. 面向对象分析与设计与结构化设计本质上是不同的 OO analysis and design is fundamentally different than traditional structured design approaches: It requires a different way of thinking about decomposition, and （不同方式的分解） it produces software architectures that are largely outside the realm of the structured design culture. (不同的软件架构) 结构化设计：使用算法(封装为函数)作为其基本的模块 Structured design methods evolved to guide developers who were trying to build complex systems using algorithms as their fundamental building blocks. 面向对象设计方法：使用类与对象作为基本的建筑模块 Similarly, OO design methods have evolved to help developers exploit the expressive power of OO programming languages, using the class and object as basic building blocks. 对象的概念是面向对象的中心；可以定义对象为可以“摸得到的”，并且带有行为的实体； The concept of an object is central to anything object-oriented. We can informally defined an object as a tangible entity that exhibits some well-defined behavior. Stefik定义对象为结合过程的性质与数据的实体 Stefik defines objects as entities that combine the properties of procedures and 过程性质 data 数据 since they perform computations and save local state. 基本概念：对象将算法抽象与数据抽象结合起来 The basic concept here is that objects serve to unify the ideas of algorithmic abstraction，and (算法抽象) data abstraction (数据抽象) 在对象模型中，强调清晰地刻画组件的性质 In the object model, emphasis is placed on crisply char