Biological Psychology.pptVIP

Biological Psychology Study of influences of biological systems on behavior Primary focus on CNS Behavior - anything involving action in response to a stimulus Early controversy centered around mind/body problem Historical Origins Early controversy centered around mind/body problem Aristotle thought mind resided in the heart Hippocrates identified the brain as source of human actions Descartes envisioned the nervous system as a hydraulic model Galvani refuted Descartes theory Flourens used experimental method to demonstrate brain function Reflex Descartes thought stimulus was reflected by the muscles Whytt (1751) thought spinal cord controlled reflexes Charles Bell (1811) identified the sensory and motor roots Magendie (1822) identified the dorsal root as sensory, ventral root as motor. Bell-Magendie law Müller (1838) - doctrine of specific nerve energies Localization of Function Gall (1758-1828) developed phrenology Thought mental functions divided into different faculties Different faculties related to specific brain areas (localization) Greater ability relates to that area being larger Larger area would produce bump on skull First 3 assumptions were correct - not the last His did not use the experimental method Experimental physiologists eventually refuted his popular thinking Localization of function for some cognitive processes Fritsch Hitzig - mapped the motor area Ferrier Munk demonstrated specific sensory areas Localization of Language Language very complex, but localized Bouilland (1825) discovered expressive language in left frontal lobe Broca (1861) first to confirm anatomically that the 3rd convolution of the left frontal lobe is concerned with motor sequencingLesion produces expressive aphasia Wernicke identified receptive language area  Posterior 1/3 of the left superior temporal lobeNear the auditory projection area Lesion produces receptive aphasia  The Neuron Golgi used silver stain Stained only a few selective cells Under microscope in