深度阅读1.pptVIP

猜词技巧 ①根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 [例] Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。 ②根据解释猜测词义（同位关系） 【例证】Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。 需要注意的是同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in other words，namely，or other，i.e.等副词或短语出现。 ③根据举例猜测词义 【解析】Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages. 表示例举关系的词通常有like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, specially等。 ④根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，如果对两个事物或现象进行对比性描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。 【例证】Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of， in contrast和while引导的并列句等。 ⑤根据比较关系猜测词义 比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。 【例证】Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。 ⑥根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。 【例证】Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。 ⑦根据上下义关系猜测词义 【例证】The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school. pub，library，post office，hall，medical centre，school属于同一类别，是amenities的下义词，据此我们可以把握amenities的大体意思，应该有“便利设施”的含义。 ⑧根据相关细节确定词义 【例证】In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’ westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. 本句为sou’ westers提供了足够的细节：暴风雨时穿/戴的，应该是雨具之类的东西。而sou’ westers确实有“海员用防水帽，油布长雨衣”的意思。下面看sou’ wester的另一个含义。 【例证】An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’ wester usually brings rain. 本句是用but连接的对比关系句，通过sou’ wester本身不难判断它应是south wester的缩写，根据前半句提供的细节可以推知sou