Gen Psyc 03 - Biology B - Neuron Brain BLACKBOARD.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Answer: B Type: factual Section: What is the Genetic Basis of Psychological Science? * Answer: C Type: factual Section: What is the Genetic Basis of Psychological Science? * Answer: D Type: factual Section: How Does the Nervous System Operate? * Answer: C Type: vocabulary Section: How Does the Nervous System Operate? * Answer: A Type: factual Section: How Do Neurotransmitters Influence Emotion, Thought, and Behavior? * Answer: A Type: factual Section: How Are Neural Messages Integrated into Communication Systems? * * * * * * * * Epinephrine adrenaline Epi Norepinephrine: arousal of sensory organs – shut down during sleep, attention Serotonin: emotional states sadness, anxiety , impulse control including aggression and hunger , and dreaming Dopamine: motivation, reward, motor control, low in Parkinson’s, high in schizophrenia * GABA: Primary inhibitory NT, tones down excitation, tranquilizers benzo’s and alcohol assist GABA, reduce anxiety, induce relaxation effect, hyperpolarizes neurons Glutamate: Primary Excitatory NT, works on sodium gates, depolarizes neurons, encourages action potentials * Peptides are chains of two or more amino acids that are found in the brain and the body. Often, neurotransmitters and peptides are released simultaneously into the synaptic cleft, and the peptide modifies the effect of the neurotransmitter with which it is paired. Some peptides, for example, prolong or shorten the action of neurotransmitters; others influence postsynaptic receptors. An analogy of the effects of peptides on neurotransmitters is the sound controls on a stereo. Peptide modulation can turn the volume up or down and alter the tone, but it cannot change the tune. As such, peptides help to explain the vast subtleties and nuances of human experience. There are more than 30 known peptides that act as neurotransmitters or modulators. Three examples are cholecystokinin CCK , endorphins, and Substance P. CCK