句子结构+答案.docVIP

句子结构知识(一) 一、学习目标 1.通过学习英语基本的句子结构，能够帮助你明白纷繁复杂折英语句子到底有什么规律，今后看到再复杂的句子都可以不发怵，从容地把它们拆开再安装。 2.通过学习句子结构，我们会明白英语其实只是由五个简单句子为基础而构造的一门语言。在此基础上，我们可以随意组成并列句和复合句（也就是用从句来充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语而已）。 3.学为划分句子成分，统一为下列符号：主语、谓语、宾语、（定语）、宾语补足语、【状语】。 二、五种简单句 1. S + Vi. (主语+不及物动词)， 注：简单句句型指的是主谓宾和宾语等主干成分，定语、状语这两个次要成分没关系。 Tom left. Winter is coming. His father has gone abroad. The baby is crying in the next room. He works in a big company. We have lived in the cities for ten years. 请仿写几个句子： 1）我们必须努力学习。 2) 我经常头痛。 3）那家水果店已经关门了。 4）你昨天游泳了吗？ 2. S+ Vt. + O (主语+及物动词+宾语) I like pop music. She knows what to do next. I usually do my homework at home in the evening. He began learning English 10 years ago. He has decided to work harder at English. 5）你喜欢苹果吗？ 6）我记得他的电话号码。 7）老师说良好的开端是成功的一半。 3. S + V + P (主语+连系动词+表语) She is happy today. She felt happy. My father is a math teacher. The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. Please keep silent. 注：表语通常由形容词、名词充当。 思考一下：连系动词有哪些？大致可分为几类？ 8）这故事听起来很有趣。 9）他似乎不高兴。 10）他的愿望是上一个好大学。 4. S+ Vt.+O+ O (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) He teaches us chemistry. Please tell me your phone number. Father bought me a new bicycle. The farmer taught the boy how to plant a tree. 思考一下：你知道哪些动词后面可加两个宾语？ 11）爸爸上周给我买了辆自行车。 12）你能把糖递给我吗？ 13）妈妈给我做了一件新衣服。 5. S+Vt.+O+ C (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语) We must keep the room clean. He was watching the boys playing football. He watched the boys play football. When he came in, he found the old man dead. →He came in. He found the old man dead. →He came in and (he) found the old man dead. 14). 太阳使我们保暖。 15). 我们发现我们学校很漂亮。 16). 这个消息使他很不高兴。 三、并列句 两个或两个以上简单句合在一起就成了并列句。 1. 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…等连接。 He came in. He found the old man dead. ---- He came in and (he) found the old man dead. 2. 表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…等。 Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 3. 表示转折，常用的连词有but, while (而)等。 The car is old, but it runs very fast. 4. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。 August is the time of the year