句子成分英语语法-.docVIP

句子成分及练习 安阳市第三中学 单秀英 一. 句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 二．主语：是，是全句述说的对象，一般放于句首常用名词，数词或代词担任。如Students study. 2. We often speak English in class. 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 三．谓语：是对主语加以陈述，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： （1） Students study. （2） I have a dream. （3）The plane took off at ten o’clock 2．复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如： They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 四．宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。如： 1. He is doing his homework. 2．I play with him. 3．I enjoy listening to popular music. 4．He decided to work harder. 5．I think（that）he is honest. 五．表语：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代 词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。如： 1. Time is money. 2. It is mime. 3. He seems very sad . 4. The speech is exciting. 5. My job is to teach English. 6. His hobby is playing football. 7. The meeting is of great importance. 六．定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： 2. He is a hardworking student. 3. China is a developing country. 4. His progress in English made us surprised. 5. He is the last to go home. 6. He is reading an article about how to learn English. 7. She is the girl who sings best in my class. 七．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：. The students study hard. 3. I often write to him. 4. The bag is too heavy. 5. If it is fine this weekend, I will go camping. 9种状语种类如下： 1. How about meeting again at six? 时间状语 2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） 3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. （条件状语） 4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （地点状语） 5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语） She ca