桃和油桃的整形修剪技术英文.pptVIP

Mercy Olmstead, Ph.D. Stonefruit Extension Specialist TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR PEACHES AND NECTARINES Training system decisions must start before planting Know what the orchard will look like when mature Follow a plan Traditional vs. New Systems Open Vase Perpendicular-V - focus on early fruit production and high yield SCRI – Innovative Technologies for Thinning Fruit Testing thinning equipment in both systems Uniform “plane” of fruiting area has been most successful ORCHARD TRAINING SYSTEMS Traditional System In many other locations – can take 6-8 years for trees to fill in spaces Florida = ideal growing conditions with 7-8 feet of growth per year Trees can grow together in close spacings within one year Spacing: 15 x 20 = 145 trees 10 x 20 = 218 trees Trees trained to 3-4 scaffolds Cover each quadrant to optimize light interception Tree height set at 8 feet Optimize activities without use of ladders OPEN VASE TRAINING SYSTEM Pruning young trees: OPEN VASE Year 1 Year 2 Pruning Techniques Dormant Pruning Remove vigorous shoots (watersprouts) Shape tree Choose fruiting wood Thin branches Summer Pruning Reduce height of tree to 8 feet Remove dead shoots Remove hanging shoots close to ground Increase light penetration to middle of tree Be careful of sunburn! Light is very important to form flower buds for next year OPEN VASE System developed in California Spacing: 6’ x 18’ or 20’, depending on previous system 403 trees/ac Trees are trained to two main scaffolds 50-60 degrees apart between scaffolds If angle is too vertical (20° from vertical), scaffolds will be weak If angle is too horizontal (45° from vertical), scaffolds are sunburn-prone Tree height set at 8 feet Optimize activities from ground PERPENDICULAR-V Pruning young trees: PERPENDICULAR-V Year 1 /files/datastore/391-540.pdf PERPENDICULAR-V Year 2 Year 3+ Pruning Techniques Dormant Pruning Remove vigorous shoots (watersprouts) Shape tree Choose fruiting wood as close to scaffolds aspossible Thin branches Su