生物化学 OrganicLecture2 Cycloalkanes,alkenes,alkynes,aromatics.pptVIP

Copyright ? by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Cyclopropane structure Cyclohexane structure Cycloalkanes with Side Groups Learning Check Alk8 Solution Alk8 Alkenes and Alkynes Geometric Isomers of Alkenes Addition Reactions Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds Alkenes Carbon-carbon double bonds Names end in -ene H2C=CH2 ethene (ethylene) H2C=CH-CH3 propene (propylene) cyclohexene Alkynes Carbon-carbon triple bonds Names end in -yne HC?CH ethyne(acetylene) HC?C-CH3 propyne Naming Alkenes and Alkynes When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond. 1 2 3 4 CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene CH3CH?CHCH3 2-butyne Learning Check HA3 Write the IUPAC name for each of the following unsaturated compounds: A. CH3CH2C?CCH3 CH3 B. CH3C=CHCH3 C. Solutions HA3 Write the IUPAC name for each of the following unsaturated compounds: A. CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 2-pentyne CH3 B. CH3C=CHCH3 C. 2-methyl-2-butene 3-methylcyclopentene Figure 22.8: Bonding in ethane Figure 22.7: Bonding in ethylene Figure 22.10: Bonding in acytylene Cis and Trans Isomers Double bond is fixed Cis/trans Isomers are possible CH3 CH3 CH3 CH = CH CH = CH cis trans CH3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids Fatty acids in vegetable oils are omega-6 acids (the first double bond occurs at carbon 6 counting from the methyl group) A common omega-6 acid is linoleic acid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 6 linoleic acid, a fatty acid Trans Fats Aromatic Compounds and Benzene Aromatic compounds c