分裂句和定语从句、主语从句.docVIP

分裂句分裂句是以it为引导词的强调句型。它的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。（1）当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that。 （2）分裂句中的that与who在非正式文体中可以省略，如： 48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是总统亲自和我谈了话。（省去从句主语who） 49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗水的。（省去从句的宾语that） 50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。（3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如： 52）Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him. 就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。 53）When was it that he arrived at the village? 是何时他到达了这个村子？ 54）Why was it that he was late for school? 他是为什么上学迟到的？ 重点疑难 1．分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别： 比较： 55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 玛丽本应获得第一名，真令人吃惊！（先行词it） 56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是玛丽获得了第一名。（分裂句引导词it） 主语从句有以下的引导词： what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever强调句的引导词只有：that, who。It is said that…, 和It is reported that…这样的结构，后面接的是主语从句： It is said that he’s got married. 听说他已经结婚了。 2．虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别： 比较： 57）It was three o′clock in the morning when his father came back.（虚义it指时间） 他父亲回来时是凌晨3点。58）It was at three o′clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引导词it） 他父亲是在凌晨3点回来的。 3．分裂句中that/who- 从句与that/who引导的定语从句之区别。 比较： 59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-从句） 最需要的是钱。 60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引导定语从句） 这就是最需要的钱。 61）It is Mary who has broken the glass.. （分裂句中的who-从句） 是玛丽打破了玻璃杯。 62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引导定语从句） 玛丽是获得第一名的姑娘。 区别方法：如将句型It is/was… that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。