3 语义关系.pptVIP

Semantic Relationships between Chinese and English Words Semantic Relationships between Chinese and English Words: 1. Semantic Correspondence 2. Semantic Inclusion 3. Semantic Intersection 4. Zero of Semantic Meanings 1.Semantic Correspondence: 回扣 尾灯 束紧腰带 法人实体 综合国力 民族自尊 知识产权 commission tail light to tighten one’s belt legal entity overall strength of the country national dignity intellectual property rights 2. Semantic inclusion: 风：wind, draught E.g. Don’t sit in the draught or you’ll catch cold. 汽车：automobile (motor-car), bus, truck, minibus, taxi 警察：policeman, constable, bobby, cop, smoky 侮辱 ： abuse, insult, slander, humiliate 穿，戴－wear 臂，膊－arm 姑，婶，姨－aunt 姐，妹－sister 表兄弟，表姐妹－cousin 车－vehicle, car, truck, lorry, cart, bus, taxi 船－vessel, boat, ship, ferry, canoe 门－door, gate, entrance 酒－wine, liquor, spirit, beer, rum, gin, alcohol 人－man, woman, person 税 Tax /Duty /Tariff /bond 3. Semantic intersection: (汉英之间有部分语义性同，其他语义不同） 骑马, 骑自行车, 骑马人,骑墙,骑墙派; to ride a horse, to ride a bike, a horse rider, to sit on the fence, a fence sitter; to ride in a bus, a ship riding the waves, a wild goose riding on the wind, 乘公共汽车, 一艘乘风破浪的船, 一只御风飞行的雁 粮油价格, 粮油票, 军粮 grain and edible oil prices, food and edible oil coupons, army provisions China National Cereal, Oil And Foodstuffs Import Export Corporation? 中国粮油食品进出口总公司 请买票, 查票员, 剪票员, 普通客票, 单程票,选票, 支票 All fare (s), please. ticket examiner, puncher, ordinary ticket a one-way ticket? vote cheque /check 治国, 治家, 治沙, 治山治水, 治愈战争的创伤, 天下大治 to administer/govern a country, to manage a household, sand-control, to transform mountains and tame rivers, to heal the wounds of the war, to achieve great order across the land. 4. Zero of semantic meanings: 粽子；／糖葫芦；／博士点，／硕士点 Zongzi /rice dumpling /pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of children’s favourite food