初中英語句子成分及简单句结构.doc

PAGE 2 - 初中英语句子成分及简单句结构 句子是由不同成分构成的，我们分析句子成分是为了更好地掌握句子结构，对语言有更确切的了解。一般认为句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、定语、状语及补语等七种成分。 1．主语 主语是一个句子的主干部分之一，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词主语从句充当，正常语序是在一个句子的句首。 Betty likes her new bike.（名词）。 They usually go to school on foot. （代词）。 Two and two is four. （数词） To learn a foreign language is not easy. （动词不定式短语） Playing basketball after school is great fun. （动名词短语） That the earth runs around the sun is known to everyone. （主语从句） It is known to everyone that the earth runs around the sun. （主语从句） 2.谓语 和主语一样，是一个句子的主干部分之一，表示主语所做到动作、具有的特征及所处的状态。通常由动词充当实义动词、 连系动词、情态动词及助动词。情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后要带宾语。通常情况下，谓语位于主语之后。 They work very hard. （行为动词） Tom feels much better now. （系动词+表语） We can speak English very well. （情态动词+实义动词） They are playing over there. （助动词+实义动词） 3.宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受着。一般接在及物动词后面或介词后面。通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及宾语从句构成。 Tom bought a storybook last week. （名词） How many books do you want?I want seven. （数词） He wanted to have a cup of tea. （动词不定式短语） He enjoys playing basketball. （动名词短语） Our teacher said that he would go there. （宾语从句） 有些动词需要带两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，另一个是间接宾语。（双宾语） Please show me you ticket. （间接宾语+直接宾语） 指人的通常是间接宾语，指物的通常是直接宾语。下列动词可以带直接宾语和间接宾语：give, show, send, bring, lend, leave, pass, hand, tell, write, teach, return, throw, buy, fetch. Will you give me some milk?= give some milk to me? This term she teach us English. 4.状语 状语是说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。副词、介词短语、动词不定式以及由if, after, when, as soon as, until, before, though, although, as if ,even if等引导的从句都可用来作状语。 You are quite right. （副词） She will arrive on Monday. （介词短语） He came here in order to learn English. （动词不定式短语） We are on holiday today. （名词） If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. （从句） As soon as she comes back, I’ll go and see her. （从句） 5. 定语 定语是指用来修饰名词或代词（不定代词）的词。形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语、不定代词、定语从句都可用作定语。 This is a green jeep. （形容词） The building is their teaching-building. （形容词性物主代词） The woman doctor is his wife. （名词） Attention, please. I have something to tel