循环章病案分析和环章呼吸章复习思考题.docVIP

病案分析 A 60-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital after complaining of extreme fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath (dyspnea), and swelling of her ankles. Her clothes no longer fit around the waist, and she has gained 3 kg in the past month. She finds that breathing is particularly difficult when lying down (orthopnea). Sleeping propped on several pillow no longer brings her relief. She has a history of chest pain and shortness of breath upon exertion. Her physical examination reveals cyanosis (blue skin tone), rapid respirations, rapid pulse, distended neck veins, ascites in the abdom