3-Damagesofcellandtissue概念.pptVIP

第三章 细胞、组织的退行性变化 Chapter 3 Regression of cell and tissue 缺氧 Oxygen deficiency 细胞和组织的损伤Injury of cell and tissue 1，萎缩 atrophy 2，变性 degeneration 3，坏死 necrosis 第一节 萎缩 （atrophy） 一、萎缩的概念(Concept of atrophy) 二、萎缩的原因和类型(Pathogeny and types of atrophy) 三、萎缩的病理变化(Pathological changes of atrophy) 四、萎缩的结局和对机体的影响(Outcome and effect) 一、萎缩的概念 Concept of atrophy 已经发育到正常大小的器官、组织或细胞，由于物质代谢障碍而发生体积缩小和功能减退的过程称为萎缩（atrophy）。 萎缩的本质：器官或组织的实质细胞体积缩小，数量减少。 Atrophy is a reversible decrease in the size of an organ or tissue that is due to a decrease in the size of the cells. Atrophy is characterized histologically by a decrease in the number and/or size of parenchymal cells. However don’t confuse atrophy with similar-sounding terms that describe abnormal organ development, namely aplasia and hypoplasia. 一、萎缩的概念 Concept of atrophy 二、萎缩的原因和类型 Pathogeny and types of atrophy 1．生理性萎缩(physiological atrophy) 某些组织器官随年龄的增长而萎缩，又称老年性萎缩(senile atrophy)。 Atrophy can be a physiologic or a pathologic process. Classic examples of physiologic atrophy involve atrophy of sex characteristics associated with aging or decreased hormone stimulation. 2．病理性萎缩(pathological atrophy) 是指组织、器官受某些致病因子作用而发生的萎缩。 Pathologic atrophy results from decreased blood flow, nutrition, or innervation to tissue. （1）全身性萎缩(general atrophy) （2）局部性萎缩(local atrophy) 1，长期饲料不足 Starvation and malnutrition 2，慢性消化道疾病 chronic digestion，tract disease 3，心血管系统疾病（如鸡心脏肉芽肿引起的全身性萎缩） Lack of adequate blood supply 4，严重的消耗性疾病（如慢性传染病、恶性肿瘤）、寄生虫病 exhausted disease such as tumor, chronic infectious disease 恶病质（achexia) ：全身性进行性消瘦和内脏萎缩。 1 废用性萎缩(disuse atrophy) 2 神经性萎缩(atrophy caused by loss of innervation) 3 压迫性萎缩(atrophy caused by prolonged pressure) 4 缺血性萎缩(atrophy caused by lack of adequate blood supply) 5 激素性萎缩(atrophy caused by decreased hormone stimulation) 1， 废用性萎缩(disuse atrophy) 肢体由于某些原因长期不能活动时，肌肉发生的萎缩。如骨折、关节炎等。 The wasting that occurs in