大学毕业论文-工程测量学.docVIP

工程测量学毕业论文 题目：数字测图技术 目 录 绪 论······································································3 一. 数字测图原理与方法··················································4 二.任务实施····················································4 1.已有资料利用与分析················································4 2.主要精度指标··························································4 3.平面控制测量··························································4 3.1野外实地堪踏选点·················································4 3.2导线数据观测························································4 3.3控制网数据处理····················································4 4.高程控制测量······························································4 4.1仪器设备及施测方法·············································4 4.2四等水准测量技术要求··········································4 5.碎步测量采集数据···················································4 6.内业数字化成图······················································4 6.1成图软件选择及应用·············································4 6.2内业成图······························································4 7.上交成果·································································4 结束语 致谢 绪 论 数字测图(Digital Surveying and Mapping，DSM)系统是以计算机及其软件为核心在外接输入输出设备的支持下，对地形空间数据进行采集、输入、成图、绘图、输出、管理的测绘系统。利用全站仪、GPS等设备进行数据采集，为GIS提供数据源，广泛用于测量工程、水文、工民建、道路桥梁、水利水电工程等建设领域。数字地图(Digital Map)以数字形式存贮在磁盘、磁带、光盘等介质上的地图。数字测图主要作业过程为三个步骤：数据采集、数据处理及地形图的数据输 出（打印图纸、提供软盘等）。 随着电子全站仪、RTK技术的发展逐步成熟，以及电子计算机的普及，地形图的成图方法正在逐步地由传统的白纸法成图向数字测图方向发展。特别是在我国的东部沿海发达地区，数字测图几乎已占据了大部分的地形图测绘市场。黄河水利职业技术学院测绘工程系应生产单位要求，着力发展工程测量学以及数字测图学，培养出更加优秀的毕业生，为国家的基础建设贡献着自己的力量。 数字测图技术是我院的省级精品课程，在河南省享有很高的知名度（见图：0－1）。 图0－1：省级精品课程：数字测图技术 随着电子全站仪及电子计算机的普及，地形图的成图方法正在逐步地由传统的白纸法成图向数字测图方向发展。特别是在我国的东部沿海发达地区，数字测图几乎已占据了大部分的地形图测绘市场。数字化测图以其成图精度高、成图周期短、即用即测，快速建立城市大比例尺基础地理信息数据库等特点，已被一些城市建设规划管理的领导所青睐和引用。随着测绘科学技术的发展，全数字地形测图在现代机助制图技术支持下已经发展成为了高新的制图技术。而全站仪作为当前应用最为广泛的测绘仪器，是电子技术与光学技术结合发展的光电测量仪器，集测距仪、电子经纬仪的优点于一体。因此全站仪也是目前实用的大比例尺数字化测图。自70年代末到90年代初，由于航测成图方法和技术基本上还是模拟和手工的，航测成图