语言学_Chapter5_Semantics案例分析.pptVIP

Chapter FiveSemantics Teaching Objective Critical Thinking Present and Solve Problems Understand Macroscopically Study of meaning from different perspectives Understand Microscopically 主要内容 Semantics is the study of meaning in language. 5.1-5.2 什么是意义？古今中外对意义的研究有哪些切入点和视角？意义有哪些类型？(5.2.1-5.2.4) 5.3 语义关系：词和词之间在意义上有什么联系？ 5.4 句子和句子之间可能体现什么样的语义关系？ 5.5 语义分析：在句法层面，可以对句子进行成分划分，那么对句子的意义是否可以进行类似的描述呢？ Componential analysis (成分分析) predication analysis （述位分析） What is meaning? Semantics is the study of meaning in language. Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists. 附：哲学与语义学 如果我们的兴趣在于语言学中的语义学，则非得了解哲学家、逻辑学家的语义研究不可。语言学家的工作很大程度上以哲学家的概念和框架为基础，为出发点。（徐烈炯 1990：前言） Logicians and philosophers have tended to concentrate on a restricted range of sentences (typically, statements, or ‘propositions’) within a single language. The linguistic approach aims to study the properties of meaning in a systematic and objective way, with reference to as wide a range of utterances and languages as possible. The features of “meaning” Warm-up: Meaning is … What is meaning? M is something in the deep structure Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. Chomsky: A sentence, while grammatical, can be meaningless. A good sentence has to be well-formed not only in nature, but in meaning and logic as well. What is meaning? M is something in the deep structure Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. Chomsky: A sentence, while grammatical, can be meaningless. A good sentence has to be well-formed not only in nature, but in meaning and logic as well. “剩女产生的原因：谁都看不上”  M is uncertain…context-dependent 领导：“你这是什么意思？”小明：“没什么意思。意思意思。”领导：“你这就不够意思了。”小明：“小意思，小意思。”领导：“你这人真有意思。”小明：“其实也没有别的意思。”领导：“那我就不好意思了。”小明：“是我不好意思。”——问：以上“意思”分别是什么意思? 1.冬天：能穿多少穿多少；夏天：能穿多少穿多少。 2.剩女产生的原因：一是谁都看不上，二是谁都看不上。 3.单身人的来由：原来是喜欢一个人，现在是喜欢一个人。 4.女致电男友：我到西直门了，你快往地铁站走。如果你到了，我还没到，你就等着吧。如果我到了，你还没到，你就等着吧！ What is meaning? M is expressive M is conventional What is meaning? M is conventiona