英语语法讲座系列之八.ppt.ppt

英语语法讲座系列之八 -- by Dana Ni 不定式（Infinitive） I.?构成与特征 动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式， 由“to+动词原形”构成，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留动词的一些特征，可以带宾语或状语。 II. 功能 作主语 作宾语 作宾语补足语 作表语 作定语 作状语 1.作主语 To persevere means victory! 坚持就是胜利！ For him to admit his mistake is not easy. 要他承认错误不是容易的。（带逻辑主语） Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 从不犯错误是不可能的。（带副词） How to make our life longer is a big problem. 怎样使我们活得更长久是个大问题。（带关系副词）  1.作主语 但在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常用代词 it 代替作形式主语（但不可用 that 作形式主语）。不定式则移到谓语之后，这样使句子显得比较平稳。 e.g. 1. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains. Note ： (1)不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可用动名词代替 e.g. Hesitating means failure. 但作主语的不定式是固定的说法或表示较强烈对比或某些具体情况等，通常不用动名词替代。 e.g. To teach is to learn. （对比） To finish this job in one day is impossible. (某次具体情况) 1.作主语 （2）有时候，作主语的不定式相当于一个条件从句。 e.g.To love others is to be loved. 2.作宾语 He offered to help us . 他提出要帮助我们。 Children love to listen to fairy tales. 孩子们喜欢听童话故事。 能以不定式作宾语的动词: try, ask, offer, want, like, wish, hate, prefer, continue, manage, start, promise, forget, mean, intend, begin, agree, care, choose 等。 既可跟不定式又可跟动名词的动词 1）意义不变的有： begin,continue,prefer,start,hate,like, etc. e.g.He started to do/doing his experiment after his dinner. 2) 意义不同的有： stop,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,go on etc. e.g.He forgot to buy a present for his son. He forgot buying a present for his son. 2.作宾语 Note: (1) 动词+ how / what / where / which / when/why + 不定式 这类动词中最常用的是： ask, decide, know, tell, teach, find out, learn etc. e.g. We must decide whether to go or stay. No one could tell me where to get the book. She couldn't think what to say. They will teach us how to repair farm tools. I didn't know when to switch the machine off. I showed her which button to press. (2)另外，在某些复合宾语中，常用一个it 代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面. e.g. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. She thought it u