不懂得疼痛就不懂得医学探析.ppt

* * 非甾体类抗炎药就更多了：如阿司匹林、布洛酚、新一代的选择性COX-2抑制剂帕瑞昔布及靶向镇痛药物（氟比洛芬酯）等。 * 由蒂巴因可制得羟考酮、丁丙诺啡、纳络酮、纳布啡、羟吗啡酮和埃托啡等药物。 * The main reason that adequate doses are withheld by doctors or nurses is the fear of respiratory depression. Opioids used for people who are not in pain, or in doses larger than necessary to control the pain, can slow and indeed stop breathing. The principle is that the dose has to be titrated to the effect (Figure 4). The effect is pain relief. If the dose given has not produced pain relief (the patient is still complaining of pain), and it has all been delivered and absorbed, then it is saf